---
title: "Brakes & Axles"
description: "1. **Number of brakes:** At least two wheels must be equipped with conventional brakes. 2. **Brake placement:** The two brakes must be installed on wheels of the same axle. Depending on vehicle construction, the brakes may be installed on either…"
url: "https://www.electrathonamerica.org/docs/brake-requirements/"
updated: "2026-08-26"
category: Handbook / Vehicle Design Rules
---

# Brakes & Axles

1. **Number of brakes:** At least two wheels must be equipped with conventional brakes.
2. **Brake placement:** The two brakes must be installed on wheels of the same axle. Depending on vehicle construction, the brakes may be installed on either the front or rear axle.
3. **Cable** **actuation:** If cable operated, the two brakes must have separate actuation cables. If both brakes are to be actuated by a single hand or foot lever, then both cables must be attached to the lever.
4. **Regenerative braking:** Regenerative braking is permitted as an additional braking system but does not replace the required conventional brakes.
5. **Brake performance:** With the brakes fully applied, the vehicle must not roll when pushed. The vehicle must also demonstrate a straight-line stop from 25 mph in less than 40 feet.

#### Axles

1. **Axle diameter:** Axles supported at both ends must have a minimum diameter of 3/8 inch (10 mm).
2. **Cantilevered axles:** Axles supported at only one end must have a minimum diameter of 1/2 inch (12 mm).
3. **Wheel retention:** Safety wire or cotter pins must be used to secure nuts on cantilevered wheel axles. Nylon lock nuts or double nuts alone are not acceptable.